Bangladesh’s opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) won a landslide parliamentary election on Friday, returning to power after nearly two decades and positioning party leader Tarique Rahman to become prime minister as the country emerges from months of unrest and economic disruption.
Tarique, the son of former premier Khaleda Zia and assassinated former President Ziaur Rahman, faces immediate challenges in restoring political stability, reviving investor confidence and rebuilding key industries – including the garment sector – after prolonged turmoil that followed the collapse of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s government in 2024.
An interim government led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus has been in charge since then.
The official count in a vote viewed as the South Asian nation’s first truly competitive election in years gave the BNP and its allies at least 212 of the 299 seats up for grabs, the Election Commission said. The opposition Jamaat-e-Islami and its allies won 77 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad, or House of the Nation.
BNP asked people to refrain from large celebrations and offer special prayers on Friday instead.
“Despite winning … by a large margin of votes, no celebratory procession or rally shall be organised,” the party said in a statement issued in the early hours of Friday.
The National Citizen Party (NCP), led by youth activists who played a key role in toppling Hasina, won just five of the 30 seats that it contested. The NCP was part of the Jamaat-led alliance.
A clear outcome had been viewed as key for stability in the Muslim-majority nation of 175 million after months of deadly anti-Hasina unrest disrupted everyday life and industries including garment manufacturing. Bangladesh is the No. 2 exporter of apparel in the world.
“A strong majority gives the BNP the parliamentary strength to pass reforms efficiently and avoid legislative paralysis. That alone can create short-term political stability,” said Selim Raihan, an economics professor at the University of Dhaka.
Jobs, protection of farmers and poor
In its manifesto, the BNP promised to prioritize job creation, protect low-income and marginal households and ensure fair prices to farmers.
“If the factories run regularly and we get our wages on time, that’s what matters to us. I just want the BNP government to bring back stability so more orders come to Bangladesh and we can survive,” Josna Begum, 28, a garment worker and mother of two, told Reuters.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and the US ambassador to Bangladesh, Brent T Christensen, were among the first to congratulate Tarique on his party’s victory.
New Delhi-Dhaka relations have nosedived since Hasina fled and took refuge in India, badly affecting visa services and cricket ties between the two neighbors.
The Jamaat-e-Islami conceded defeat late on Thursday night once trends became clear, but said in a statement on Friday that it was “not satisfied” with the process and asked its followers to remain patient.
The party won its highest-ever tally of 70 seats in parliament, contesting for the first time since it was banned in 2013. The ban was lifted after Hasina’s ouster.
The BNP win with more than 200 seats is one of its biggest, surpassing its 2001 victory with 193, although Hasina’s Awami League, which ruled for 15 years and was barred from contesting this time, secured a bigger tally of 230 in 2008.
But elections of other years were boycotted by one of the main parties or were contentious.
Turnout this time exceeded the 42% of the last election in 2024, with media reports saying nearly 60% of registered voters participated in the election on Thursday.
More than 2,000 candidates, many independents among them, were on the ballot, which featured a record number of at least 50 parties. Voting in one constituency was postponed after a candidate died.
Broadcaster Jamuna TV said more than 48,074,429 million voters chose “Yes” while more than 22,565,627 said “No” in a referendum on constitutional reforms held alongside the election.
The changes include two-term limits for prime ministers and stronger judicial independence and women’s representation while providing for neutral interim governments during election periods and setting up a second house of the 300-seat parliament.
